The Bearded Dragon Complete Guide to Care, Diet, Terrarium and Health

You have just adopted a bearded dragon and you are wondering how to care for a bearded dragon ? What temperature should its terrarium be? What does a bearded dragon eat and what types of UVB does a bearded dragon need?

In this complete bearded dragon care guide, the Éducazoo team has gathered the important information you need to know to meet its needs: habitat, temperature, lighting, diet, supplements, handling, health and budget. This will help you better understand the specific characteristics of Pogona vitticeps and set up its environment accordingly.

Before getting into the details, let’s quickly answer the main questions about bearded dragons searched by current and future owners.

 

Bearded dragon: quick answers to the most searched questions

What size terrarium does a bearded dragon need?

For an adult bearded dragon, a terrarium of at least 40 gallons, or approximately 36 x 18 x 18 inches, is recommended. This size makes it possible to create a warm side and a cool side while providing enough space for the lizard to move around.

What temperature does a bearded dragon need?

The temperature of a bearded dragon’s terrarium should vary depending on the area. The bearded dragon’s basking spot should be between 40 and 42 °C, the warm zone between 31 and 35 °C and the cool zone between 26 and 28 °C. At night, a temperature of 20 to 22 °C is recommended.

What UVB does a bearded dragon need?

Since the bearded dragon is a diurnal desert reptile, it needs a desert-type UVB lamp. UVB rays contribute to the synthesis of vitamin D3, which is necessary for proper calcium absorption.

What does a bearded dragon eat?

The bearded dragon’s diet is omnivorous. Babies and juveniles mainly eat insects, while adult bearded dragons eat more plant matter.

How long does a bearded dragon live?

The bearded dragon’s life expectancy is generally around 7 to 10 years. Adopting this animal therefore represents a long-term commitment.

Is a bearded dragon easy to handle?

Handling a bearded dragon is generally easy. However, each individual has its own temperament and interactions should always respect its comfort level.

Can two bearded dragons live together?

Bearded dragon cohabitation depends in particular on the sex and temperament of the individuals. Territoriality, dominance and access to heat, UVB and food must also be considered.

How much does a bearded dragon cost?

The price of a bearded dragon is not limited to purchasing the animal. According to the estimates in this guide, the setup cost for a bearded dragon can be approximately $515 to $1,565, not including recurring expenses.

 

The bearded dragon at a glance

French name: Dragon barbu or agame barbu
Scientific name: Pogona vitticeps
English name : Bearded dragon
Family: Agamid
Class : Reptile
Bearded dragon origin : Australia
Natural habitat: Semi-desert regions, arid savannas and rocky deserts
Adult bearded dragon size : Approximately 45 to 60 cm including the tail
Adult weight : 280 to 550g
Bearded dragon lifespan: 7 to 10 years
Diet: Omnivore
Activity pattern: Diurnal
Habitat type: Terrestrial and semi-arboreal
Terrarium humidity: Approximately 40%
Lighting: Approximately 12 hours per day
Sexual maturity: Between 1 year and 1.5 years
Reproductive mode: Oviparous
Average number of eggs: 10 to 30 eggs, up to 5 clutches per year
Difficulty level: Easy
Handling: Generally easy

Where does the bearded dragon come from?

The bearded dragon is native to Australia and is endemic to this country, meaning that in the wild, it is naturally found only in this region of the world. The bearded dragon’s natural habitat mainly includes semi-desert regions, arid savannas and rocky deserts where vegetation is relatively limited.

The bearded dragon is a diurnal reptile, meaning that it is mainly active during the day. Its day-night cycle is therefore similar to ours: it moves around, eats and warms itself during the day before resting at night.

It is also a semi-arboreal lizard. Although it spends a lot of time on the ground, the bearded dragon likes to climb on rocks and branches, particularly to bask in the sun. The relatively elongated toes on its hind legs help it grip surfaces while climbing.

Like all reptiles, the bearded dragon is ectothermic : it cannot produce enough body heat to maintain a stable temperature on its own. In the wild, bearded dragon thermoregulation therefore depends on the sun. In captivity, the heating elements in the terrarium must reproduce this external source of heat.

This heat is essential to the bearded dragon’s metabolism. When it reaches an adequate body temperature, it can move, hunt, eat and digest normally.

The sun also provides UVB rays, which are essential for the synthesis of vitamin D3 in bearded dragons. This vitamin then allows for proper calcium absorption. This is why heat, UVB and calcium are three closely related elements in the care of this reptile.

 

What size terrarium does a bearded dragon need?

For an adult bearded dragon, the recommendations used in this guide call for a minimum 40-gallon terrarium, or approximately 36 x 18 x 18 inches.

The size of a bearded dragon terrarium is not only about giving it space. Above all, it must allow for the creation of a thermal gradient, meaning a warm area where the lizard can increase its body temperature and a cooler area where it can retreat once it is warm enough.

Since the bearded dragon is ectothermic, it moves between different temperatures according to its needs. A terrarium that is too small for a bearded dragon can make this gradient difficult to maintain and limit its ability to properly regulate its body temperature.

For a baby bearded dragon or juvenile, a smaller habitat can be used temporarily. However, you will need to plan for a terrarium change as it grows. It may therefore be more practical to immediately choose a habitat suited to its adult size.

Some young bearded dragons may, however, show signs of stress in a very large environment. In this case, the accessible space can be temporarily reduced and then gradually increased as the animal becomes more comfortable.

The height of the bearded dragon’s terrarium is also important since this species is semi-arboreal. Branches, rocks and hammocks can allow it to climb and make greater use of its environment.

This height also affects the distance between the bearded dragon and the UVB. The UVB source must remain close enough to the highest point accessible to the animal to provide adequate exposure. 

Finally, the ventilation of the bearded dragon’s terrarium must be sufficient. A screen top helps excess heat escape and contributes to maintaining a humidity level suited to this desert species.

 

Where should a bearded dragon’s terrarium be placed?

The location of the bearded dragon’s terrarium in the home directly affects its temperature and humidity. The location should therefore be chosen carefully.

A terrarium near a window can quickly overheat from sunlight and create a greenhouse effect. Conversely, a terrarium placed in a basement may be exposed to higher humidity and a cooler ambient temperature.

Regardless of the room chosen, the parameters of the bearded dragon’s terrarium must be measured directly inside its habitat and adjusted according to the actual conditions in the home.

 

How to set up a terrarium for a bearded dragon?

A beautiful setup does not automatically mean that it is a good terrarium setup for a bearded dragon. The main objective should be to allow the lizard to move, hide, climb, warm up and cool down according to its needs.

In the warm zone of the terrarium, a hide should allow the dragon to retreat while still benefiting from the heat. Its surface can also serve as a platform for the bearded dragon’s basking.

Heating rocks for bearded dragons should, however, be avoided. They can overheat unpredictably and cause burns directly underneath the reptile’s body.

In the cool zone of the terrarium, provide a second hide large enough for your dragon to enter, turn around and exit easily. Its water bowl and food bowl can also be placed there.

Rocks can be placed in several areas throughout the habitat. In addition to contributing to bearded dragon enrichment, their texture naturally helps wear down its claws as it moves across them.

Since the bearded dragon is semi-arboreal, sturdy branches can also be added. However, they must remain far enough away from heat sources to prevent burns.

Would you like to add artificial plants? Be careful with bearded dragon terrarium decorations that resemble vegetation. Since this lizard eats leaves, it may attempt to ingest a plastic leaf and develop an obstruction.

 

What temperature does a bearded dragon need?

The ideal temperature for a bearded dragon is not the same throughout the terrarium. Several zones are necessary to allow it to choose the temperature that meets its needs.

What temperature should the basking spot be?

The bearded dragon’s basking spot should reach approximately 40 to 42 °C. This is the warmest area of the habitat and the place where the lizard can be directly exposed to heat.

What temperature should the warm zone be?

The warm zone of the bearded dragon’s terrarium should remain between 31 and 35 °C. It provides significant warmth without being as intense as the heat directly under the basking spot.

What temperature should the cool zone be?

The bearded dragon’s cool zone should be between 26 and 28 °C. This part of the terrarium allows the reptile to lower its body temperature when it chooses.

What temperature should it be at night?

The bearded dragon’s nighttime temperature can be around 20 to 22 °C. When the room temperature naturally remains within this range, the heating elements can be turned off at night.

These different zones allow for bearded dragon thermoregulation. After warming itself under its basking spot, the lizard can move to a cooler section when it wants to lower its body temperature.

A terrarium thermometer can be installed at the basking spot and another in the cool zone to check temperatures daily.

The bearded dragon’s heat lamps must always remain out of its reach. This simple precaution greatly reduces the risk of burns.

 

Why does a bearded dragon need UVB?

UVB is essential for bearded dragons. These rays allow their bodies to synthesize vitamin D3, a necessary step for proper calcium absorption.

Calcium in bearded dragons plays a role in the development and maintenance of the skeleton as well as muscle function. Poor UVB exposure can therefore have significant consequences.

What UVB should you choose for a bearded dragon?

A desert UVB lamp for a bearded dragon is recommended to more closely reproduce its natural exposure. The choice of equipment depends in particular on the size and height of the terrarium. The distance of the bearded dragon’s UVB is particularly important. In this guide, the source should not be more than 30 cm from the highest point accessible to the animal and it is also important to prevent it from getting closer than 20 cm.

A bearded dragon light cycle of approximately 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness can easily be programmed using a timer. A UVB lamp can continue producing light even when it no longer emits sufficient UVB rays. Tubes and bulbs must therefore be replaced according to their effective lifespan, generally between 6 and 12 months.

A UVB deficiency in a bearded dragon can be directly associated with metabolic bone disease. When calcium is no longer sufficiently available, the body begins to use the calcium contained in the skeleton, progressively weakening the bones.

 

What substrate should you choose for a bearded dragon?

The bearded dragon’s substrate should be chosen based on safety, hygiene, humidity control and the animal’s ability to express certain natural behaviours.

At Éducazoo, vinyl is preferred as the main surface. It is less natural-looking, but it is easy to clean and eliminates the risk of accidental substrate ingestion. It is still possible to add certain areas containing a loose substrate for bearded dragons to allow them to scratch and dig.

Vinyl : no risk of ingestion, no risk of substrate-related cloacal infection, easy to clean and simple to replace. Its main disadvantage remains its less natural appearance.

Calcium sand : its risk of obstruction if ingested is minimal and it is relatively easy to clean. However, sand for bearded dragons can stick inside the cloaca during defecation and promote infections. It is also expensive and can develop mould if it remains frequently damp.

Coconut mulch : it offers a natural appearance, but coconut mulch for bearded dragons is more difficult to clean, can increase terrarium humidity and presents a risk of ingestion and obstruction.

 

What does a bearded dragon eat?

The bearded dragon is omnivorous, meaning that its diet includes both plant-based and animal-based foods. 

The baby bearded dragon’s diet is mainly composed of insects to support its rapid growth. This guide uses an approximate ratio of 75% insects and 25% plant matter for babies and juveniles. For the adult bearded dragon, this ratio is reversed. Its diet should consist of approximately 75% plant matter and 25% insects.

What insects can a bearded dragon eat? 

Insects for bearded dragons offered regularly can include crickets and cockroaches. 

Silkworms, mealworms, butterworms and goliath worms can be offered more occasionally since they are generally higher in fat or more difficult to digest. A pinky mouse can also occasionally be offered as a treat. An excessive amount of animal protein can, however, create imbalances between calcium and phosphorus and contribute to certain problems such as gout or hepatic steatosis.

The size of insects for a baby bearded dragon should not exceed the space between its two eyes. For a juvenile or adult, the prey should not exceed the width of its head.

The frequency of insects for bearded dragons varies according to age. Babies can eat them several times a day while adults receive them less frequently. Crickets in the terrarium should be removed when they have not been eaten. During the night, they can bite the dragon and cause injuries.

Why feed insects before giving them to a bearded dragon?

Gut loading insects, meaning properly feeding prey before they are consumed, improves their nutritional value for the bearded dragon. Ideally, the bearded dragon’s insects should receive an appropriate diet for the 24 to 48 hours before they are consumed. Carrots, sweet potato or dark leafy greens can be offered to them.

What vegetables can a bearded dragon eat?

Vegetables for bearded dragons should include a daily variety of leafy greens such as arugula, dandelion greens, endive or alfalfa. Squash, green beans, bell peppers or finely chopped carrots can also be added to the bearded dragon’s salad, as well as certain edible flowers such as hibiscus and dandelion.

Plants collected outdoors should be used with caution since they may have been exposed to pesticides or insecticides. Other plants for bearded dragons such as parsley, celery leaves or bok choy can help add variety to meals. Fruit for bearded dragons should instead be considered an occasional treat since it contains more carbohydrates.

Some foods that should not be given to bearded dragons include garlic, avocado, onion, tomato, eggplant, spinach and rhubarb. Iceberg lettuce is also discouraged in this guide because of its low nutritional value.

How often should a bearded dragon be fed?

For baby and juvenile bearded dragons, a small bowl of plant matter can be offered daily even though insects still make up the majority of their diet. This early exposure to vegetables allows the baby bearded dragon to discover different flavours and gradually makes the transition toward a more plant-based diet easier in adulthood.

For an adult bearded dragon, a bowl of plant matter can be offered every morning in the cool zone. The amount should be adjusted according to its appetite and body condition. It is recommended to give an amount corresponding to what it is able to eat within 10 to 15 minutes.

 

Does a bearded dragon need calcium and vitamins?

The bearded dragon’s calcium and multivitamins contribute in particular to maintaining its skeleton and overall health.

According to the schedule proposed in this guide, calcium can be sprinkled on insects at least twice a week. Calcium with D3 can be added to plant matter once a week on a different day. Multivitamins for bearded dragons can be offered approximately twice a month, also on different days from the other supplements. A schedule makes bearded dragon supplementation easier while preventing missed doses and excessive administration.

A significant deficiency can contribute to metabolic osteodystrophy in bearded dragons, also called metabolic bone disease. The bones can become fragile and young dragons may develop growth problems, swollen legs or difficulty moving.

Conversely, an overdose of calcium or vitamins can also be problematic. It can cause imbalances and affect different organs, particularly the kidneys, and cause dysfunction.

 

Does a bearded dragon need water?

Yes. Even though it is a desert reptile, a bearded dragon must have access to fresh water in its terrarium.

The bearded dragon’s water bowl should be relatively shallow and large enough for it to enter if needed. The water must be replaced daily, particularly since some dragons defecate in their bowls.

Dehydration in bearded dragons can notably have consequences for the kidneys. Skin that remains wrinkled longer, eyes that appear sunken or duller scales can be among the signs to watch for.

To promote bearded dragon hydration, it is possible to use foods with a higher water content, favour live insects, lightly mist its snout or offer lukewarm baths as needed.

 

How to handle a bearded dragon?

Handling a bearded dragon is generally relatively simple, but the temperament of each individual must always be respected. When a new bearded dragon arrives home, it is best to give it a few days to acclimate to its terrarium before increasing handling.

The first interactions can simply involve gently placing your hand in its environment. If your bearded dragon seems stressed, it is better to stop at this stage and give it more time.

When picking up your dragon, its body and all four legs should be properly supported. A good way to pick up a bearded dragon is to gently lift it from underneath rather than grabbing it from above. The first bearded dragon handling sessions can last approximately 10 to 15 minutes. They can then be extended if the animal remains comfortable.

It is preferable to handle your reptile close to the ground. A bearded dragon that becomes frightened can react quickly and attempt to flee, increasing the risk of falling when handled at a height.

Since the bearded dragon is diurnal, the best time to handle a bearded dragon is during the day. It is also preferable to avoid handling after a meal or when it is sick.

 

Is a bearded dragon a good pet for children?

Depending on its individual temperament, the bearded dragon can be a good pet for children aged six and older, provided that adults remain responsible for its care.

Baby bearded dragons are often more active and may tolerate handling for shorter periods. Many individuals become calmer as they age. Since reptiles can carry salmonella, washing hands after handling a bearded dragon remains essential, particularly with children.

Even when a child wants their own reptile, the bearded dragon should be a family pet. Parents must remain responsible for its diet, maintenance, environment and veterinary care.

The bearded dragon may be easy to handle, but caring for a bearded dragon still requires time and a budget. Heating, UVB, food, supplements, maintenance and veterinary care are recurring responsibilities.

 

Can two bearded dragons live together?

Cohabitation between two bearded dragons requires a great deal of caution and depends on the temperament of each individual. Some dragons tolerate other members of their species while others are more territorial. Male bearded dragons are generally more territorial than females.

Cohabitation between two female bearded dragons may be more feasible, but it does not guarantee that the animals will get along. Cohabitation between a male and female bearded dragon also carries the risk of unwanted breeding and egg laying.

Dominance in bearded dragons must also be considered. A dominant individual may monopolize the best heat source, UVB or food.

When several dragons live together, each must have access to the terrarium’s resources. Feeding them separately also makes it possible to control the amount consumed by each individual. Any introduction between bearded dragons must be closely monitored to quickly detect signs of stress, competition or aggression.

 

How can you tell a male bearded dragon from a female?

Sexual dimorphism in bearded dragons refers to the physical differences that make it possible to distinguish males from females. It generally becomes easier to sex a bearded dragon as it ages and its sexual characteristics become more visible.

In the male bearded dragon, two hemipenal bulges can be observed near the base of the tail. They correspond to the location of the hemipenes. In the female bearded dragon, these two bulges are absent and a small central protrusion may instead be visible.

Males also generally have more developed femoral pores on the inner thighs. However, this criterion should not be used alone since some females may also have visible pores.

 

Why is my bearded dragon turning black?

A bearded dragon that turns black is not automatically sick. Several factors can temporarily change its coloration.

A darker bearded dragon may be trying to absorb more heat, since dark colours facilitate the absorption of radiation and can contribute to thermoregulation. Coloration can also serve in bearded dragon communication. When it is stressed or trying to intimidate another individual, its beard can puff up and become almost black. A black beard in a male bearded dragon can also appear during certain behaviours associated with reproduction. 

If the bearded dragon’s colour remains dull for several weeks and this change does not correspond to shedding or a temporary behaviour, a consultation with an exotic animal veterinarian may be indicated.

 

How does shedding work in a bearded dragon?

Bearded dragon shedding is more frequent when it is young. Babies and juveniles can shed every three to eight weeks. In the adult bearded dragon, shedding may instead occur approximately every three to five months. Unlike snakes, the bearded dragon sheds in patches. For one or two weeks, different parts of its body may therefore appear duller in colour.

You should never pull on bearded dragon shed that is resistant. The skin must be able to detach naturally to avoid damaging the new scales underneath. Baths during a bearded dragon’s shed can help moisten the old skin. They should always be shallow and supervised.

Particular attention should be paid to the toes, tip of the tail and sides. Stuck shed in a bearded dragon can act like a tourniquet, reduce blood circulation and eventually cause necrosis.

 

How much does a bearded dragon cost?

The price of a bearded dragon represents only part of the budget required to properly meet its needs.

Bearded dragon price: approximately $60 to $450
Terrarium: approximately $200 to $500
UVB: approximately $15 to $45 every 6 to 12 months
Heating: approximately $15 to $50, to be replaced as needed
Decoration and setup: approximately $150 to $300
Thermometers and hygrometer: approximately $5 to $20
Monthly food: approximately $50 to $150
Supplements: approximately $20 to $50
Veterinary care: approximate starting price of $250 to $350, depending on the clinic

The initial cost of a bearded dragon is therefore estimated at approximately $515 to $1,565. The annual cost of a bearded dragon is estimated in this guide at approximately $1,100. These amounts remain approximate. The budget for a bearded dragon can vary considerably depending on the equipment chosen, its diet and the veterinary care it will need throughout its life.

 

Éducazoo’s experience with bearded dragons

Pogo, the bearded dragon from the Terrebonne sanctuary

Recommendations concerning bearded dragon UVB, calcium and terrarium parameters can seem very technical. Yet the possible consequences when certain needs are not met are very real. This is precisely what makes the story of Pogo, the bearded dragon from the Terrebonne sanctuary, particularly relevant.

In 2025, Pogo arrives at the sanctuary when he is approximately six to seven years old. Less than 24 hours after his arrival, our Animal Care Specialists notice a concerning situation: water and mucus appear to be coming from his mouth and his posture suggests respiratory discomfort in the bearded dragon.

A veterinary consultation is quickly arranged to assess Pogo’s health condition.

Several hypotheses are then considered, including a respiratory infection as well as possible metabolic osteodystrophy, since certain aspects of his history regarding UVB and calcium are unknown. Pogo receives care, including an injectable antibiotic and a calcium injection. His veterinary follow-up then continues daily at the sanctuary.

A few days later, water is no longer observed in his mouth and his antibiotic treatment is continued for 12 days. Our Animal Care Specialists then continue to closely monitor his weight, hydration and behaviour. On June 13, 2025, his progress is very positive: Pogo the bearded dragon is no longer regurgitating water, his colours have returned and he is much more active.

Reduced mobility remains present in his right front leg, but it does not appear to prevent him from functioning comfortably on a daily basis. Today, Pogo, a resident of the Terrebonne sanctuary, continues to receive care adapted to his needs.

Above all, his story reminds us why setting up a bearded dragon terrarium, its temperatures, UVB, calcium and diet are not simply technical details: all of these elements directly contribute to its well-being.

 

Frequently asked questions about bearded dragons

What does a bearded dragon eat every day?

A bearded dragon’s daily diet mainly depends on its age. Young dragons eat more insects while adults mainly eat plant matter.

Does a bearded dragon drink water?

Yes. Fresh water for a bearded dragon must remain available in its terrarium.

Can a bearded dragon live alone?

Yes. A bearded dragon can live alone and cohabitation can lead to territoriality, dominance or competition for resources.

Does a bearded dragon bite?

A bearded dragon bite is possible, but this reptile is generally considered relatively easy to handle.

How long does a bearded dragon live?

A bearded dragon’s life expectancy is generally around 7 to 10 years.

Is a bearded dragon a good pet for a child?

A bearded dragon with children can be suitable for some families, but parents must remain responsible for its care and environment.

How much does it cost to care for a bearded dragon?

The cost of caring for a bearded dragon includes food, UVB, heating, supplements, terrarium maintenance and veterinary care.

 

Sources and references

The recommendations in this guide were verified before publication using the scientific and veterinary references selected by the Éducazoo team.

Centre hospitalier universitaire vétérinaire (CHUV), Université de Montréal. Bearded dragon (Pogona sp.). Isabelle Langlois, 2013.

Hôpital vétérinaire Animo-Vet. Bearded dragon. Information sheet on the general characteristics, captive conditions, diet and health problems of the bearded dragon.

Clinique Vétérinaire de Mascouche. Caring for a bearded dragon. Guide to bearded dragon husbandry and care.